Submergence/ waterlogging

A submerged plant is defined as "a plant standing in water with at least part of the terminal above the water or completely covered with water.
Submergence subjects plants to the stresses of low light, limited gas diffusion, effusion of soil nutrients, mechanical damage, and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. Basically, flooding (i.e., submergence) can be classified into "flash flooding" and "deepwater flooding" in accordance with the duration of flooding and the water depth.
Waterlogging is defined as a condition of the soil in which excess water limits gas diffusion.
The principal cause of damage to plants grown in waterlogged soil is inadequate supply of oxygen to the submerged tissues as a result of slow diffusion of gases in water and rapid consumption of O₂by soil microorganisms.