SCHISTOSOMIASIS

  • A Trematode infection.
  • Characterized by
    • Emaciation
    • Weakness
    • Anemia
    • Dysentery
  • Epidemiology
    • India many states including Haryana, Odisha, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh etc.
    • Aquatic snails play a major role for spread of disease
    • Snail population more from July to November
    • Schistosoma infection more during September to October.
  • Pathogenesis
    • Acute intestinal syndrome
      • heavily infected animals
      • Syndrome begins nine weeks after infection
      • Causes severe haemorrhagic lesions
      • Intestinal mucosa
      • On posterior small intestine and caecum
      • Intestinal mucosa oedematous
      • Covered with haemorrhagic foci 1-10 mm in diameter
    • Chronic hepatic syndrome
      • Massive fibrous in the portal triads
      • Appearance of clay pipe stem fibrous
      • Development of fibrosis scar tissue
      • Obstruction of venous portal blood supply
      • Leads to congestive splenomegaly
    • Nasal Schistosomiasis
      • Marked granulomatous lesion
        • Eggs laid in the submucosa
        • Eggs gradually disintegrate
        • Filtration with epitheloid cells fibroblast
        • Fibrous tissue formation
        • Granulomatous lesions in the mucosa, submucosa
        • Cauliflower like growth in the nasal passage.
  • Clinical signs
    • Migration of large no. of Schistosoma to lungs
    • Produce temporary cough
    • Heavy infection manifested
      • profuse diarrhoea or dysentery
      • Dehydration and anorexia
      • Signs develop 7-9 weeks after infection
      • Oedema with anaemia &hypoglobunemia
      • Weight loss
      • Reduced milk yield
    • Lesion in mucosa of anterior third of nasal cavity
    • Parasitic develop in the veins of the nasal mucosa
    • Severe dyspnoea
    • Mucopurulent nasal discharge
    • Blood stained nasal discharge from both the nostril
    • Snoring sound
    • Cauliflower like growth in the nasal passage
    • Looks red in colour
    • Blood may come out from that lesions
  • Treatment
  • Intestinal form
    • Praziquantel is the drug of choice.
    • Trichlorfon– 50-70 mg/kg
    • 4-6 occasion in 3 days interval for bovisin cattle
  • Nasal Schistosomiasis
    • Tartar emetic @2mg /kgbw
    • Praziquntal @ 30mg/kgbw
    • Lithium antimony thiomalate @ 15-20ml i/m for 3days in weekly interval