Improved methods of irrigation
Water is an essential
input for crop growth. There are various ways (surface, pressurize, lift, and
groundwater irrigations) in which the irrigation water can be applied to the
fields. In surface irrigation, the soil is flooded with water, which is
approximately followed in about 90% of the irrigated areas of the world. In
pressurize irrigation, water is applied to the crop under pressure. About 5% of
the areas are irrigated by this method. In lift irrigation, water loss during
conveyance is avoided. Groundwater irrigation is applied through tube wells
where groundwater quality is suitable for irrigating the crop. Choosing the right
method of irrigation depends upon several factors like availability of water,
topography, climate, soil type, crops to be grown, economics, local traditions,
and skills.