CSA Xpert

The conjunctive use of multi-source/multi-quality waters is defined as a strategy by which waters are used in a combined manner such that the net output is more than the net output of the individual component.Increasing competition among urban, industrial, and agricultural uses of water resulted in opening a new dimension of conjunctive water use that involves the use of multisource (surface water + groundwater) and multi-quality (canal water + sewage water) water for agriculture. Conjunctive use of surface water and groundwater deals with overexploitation of groundwater, depletion of the water table, and surface water shortage during critical crop growth stages. About 70-80% of the total water supplied for domestic use turns into wastewater, which can meet approximately 4.5% of the total irrigation water demand. Application of two canal irrigations and one irrigation with sodic water cause insignificant yield reduction (1.5-4%) in the rice-wheat cropping system. Simultaneous use of tube well water and paper mill effluent in 1:1 ratio is observed to increase yield by 7-17%.