Silvi-pastoral system

Silvi-pastoral system involves the integration of top-fed tree species with pasture. The trees and shrubs supply livestock fodder, fruit, fuelwood and timber.  This system is preferable for the dry area to meet the fodder demand throughout the year. In poor degraded soils, fodder grass including legumes can be planted in the interspace of trees for soil improvement. Trees should be multipurpose, and drought-tolerant and provide, fodder and fuel at regular intervals. Acacia, Dalbergia, Leucaena, Prosopis, Populus, Sesbania, Tamarix, etc. are the most suitable top-fed trees under this system. Stylosanthes hamata and Cenchrus ciliaris were the most suitable under the pasture system. The grass-legume mixture is grown along with trees simultaneously to conserve soil moisture and improve soil fertility status.